داشتن زندگی سالم و آرام، نتیجه برنامه ریزی و تلاش و امید و توکل بر خداوند است.
برای داشتن زندگی سالم، نکات زیادی را باید مدنظر داشت که می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد:
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- ایجاد حریم امن در شبکه های اجتماعی
- مهیا کردن خلوت روزانه برای تفکر و تامل و…..
نتایج تحقیقات:
تحقیقات نشان داده است که عوامل خطر ساز بیماری های قلبی و عروقی شامل: فشارخون، سیگار کشیدن ،کلسترول بالا ، دیابت، سن بیش تر از ۶۰ سال ،جنس مذکردر هر سن ،زنان پس از یائسگی و سابقه خانوادگی و زندگی کم تحرک می باشد.
رفرنس: Paquot N, Scheen AJ. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Rev Med Liege 2003;58:271‑۴
- فشار خون بالا و دیابت بزرگترين عوامل خطر ساز مرگ و مير ناشي از بیماری های قلبی و عروقی هستند.
رفرنس: Lin A, Zhang G, Liu Z, Gu J, Chen W, Luo F. Community-based lifestyle intervention for reducing blood pressure and glucose among middle-aged and older adults in China: A Pilot Study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2014 Nov 13;11(11):11645-63.
- اگر فردی مبتلا به دیابت نوع ۲ با فشار خون بالا باشد ، این موضوع اثر تقویت شده بر میزان بروز آسیبهای قلبی-عروقی دارد که دلیل مهمی بر ناتوانی و مرگ زودرس در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع ۲ است .
رفرنس: Mensah GA. The global burden of hypertension: Good news and bad news. Cardiol Clin 2002;20:181‑۵, v
- تحقیقات نشان داده است که بیماریهای قلبی عروقی (CVD) به عنوان یکی از علل عمده مرگ ومیر در بزرگسالان می باشد که یک مورد از ۴ مورد از مرگ و میررا شامل می شوند.
رفرنس: Lin A, Zhang G, Liu Z, Gu J, Chen W, Luo F. Community-based lifestyle intervention for reducing blood pressure and glucose among middle-aged and older adults in China: A Pilot Study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2014 Nov 13;11(11):11645-63.
طبق طبقه بندی WHOهفده علت اصلی برای میرایی وجود دارد که بیماریهای قلبی –عروقی، رتبه هفتم را در جهان، به خود اختصاص می دهد ، اما در ایران مرگ ناشی از بیماریهای قلبی –عروقی رتبه اول را دارا میباشد.
رفرنس: فرشاد امیرخیزی, فریدون سیاسی, سارا مینایی, محمود جلالی, احمدرضا درستی مطلق, مریم چمری. بررسی وضعیت فشار خون در زنان روستایی استان کرمان و ارتباط آن با نمایه های تن سنجی. یافته. ۲۰۱۴ Feb 2;2(4).
- برخی مطالعات نشان داده اند که کنترل فشار خون در بیماران دیابتی در مقایسه با بیماران غیر دیابتی، اثر محافظتی در برابرعوارض جانبی بیماری های قلبی-عروقی و مرگ و میر ناشی از آن دارد.
رفرنس: Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhäger WH, Thijs L, Antikainen R, Bulpitt CJ, et al. Effects of calcium‑channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic hypertension in Europe trial investigators. N Engl J Med1999;340:677‑۸۴٫
- امروزه توجه زیادی بهمفهوم سازگاری روانی اجتماعی ،منبع کنترل سلامت ،ادراک بیماری در بیماران شده است .سازگاری با بیماری ،فرایند حفظ نگرش مثبت نسبت به خود وجهان ،علی رغم داشتن مشکلات جسمی است.
رفرنس: صحرانورد, احدی, تقدیسی, کاظمی, طوبی, کراسکیان, ادیس. نقش عوامل روانی بر سازگاری روانی و اجتماعی بیماران ایسکمی قلبی با واسطهگری فشارخون. فصلنامه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت ایران. ۲۰۱۷
- سیگار کشیدن فقط به اندازه یک نخ سیگار در روز، خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی عروقی وسکته مغزی را بسیار افزایش می دهد. تقریبا نیمی از افرادی که ۲۰ نخ در روز سیگار می کشند، هیچ سطح ایمنی برای بیماری های قلبی عروقی ندارد. اگر افراد سیگاری قصد وانگیزه ترک سیگار، داشته باشند به طور قابل توجهی می توانند، خطر ابتلا به این دو اختلال عمده را در خود کاهش دهند.
رفرنس: Hackshaw A, Morris JK, Boniface S, Tang JL, Milenković D. Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. Bmj. 2018 Jan 24;360:j5855.
- کشیدن سیگار، خطر وقوع بیماری های کرونری را افزایش می دهد ومرگ و میر را تا ۵۰٪بالا می برد. ترک سیگار یکی از مهمترین عوامل پیشگیری کننده از خطر بیماری قلبی عروقی است. برنامه های آموزشی ترک سیگار به همراه، درمان فارماکولوژیک احتمال ترک را افزایش می دهند.
رفرنس: Sverre E, Otterstad JE, Gjertsen E, Gullestad L, Husebye E, Dammen T, Moum T, Munkhaugen J. Medical and sociodemographic factors predict persistent smoking after coronary events. BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2017 Dec;17(1):241.
- بررسی ها نشان داده است که در مردان سیگاری جوان انفارکتوس حاد قلبی، تقریبا یک دهه زودتر از افراد غیر سیگاری ایجاد می شود و ترک سیگار در آنها پیش آگهی خوبی دارد.
رفرنس: Herlitz J, Karlson BW, Sjölin M, Lindqvist J, Karlsson T, Caidahl K. Five‐year mortality in patients with acute chest pain in relation to smoking habits. Clinical cardiology. 2000 Feb;23(2):84-90.
- تحقیقات نشان داده است بین اختلالات افسردگی و سیگار کشیدن رابطه مثبت وجود دارد.
رفرنس: Kearns NT, Carl E, Stein AT, Vujanovic AA, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JA, Powers MB. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review. Depression and anxiety. 2018 Sep 7.
- نتایج نشان می دهد که سیگار کشیدن باعث افزایش میزان بروز علائم بیماری های تنفسی و کاهش فعالیت بدنی در زنان سالم می شود. علاوه بر این بین چاقی شکمی و مصرف سیگار رابطه وجود دارد.
رفرنس:Efendi V, Ozalevli S, Naz I, Kilinc O. The effects of smoking on body composition, pulmonary function, physical activity and health-related quality of life among healthy women. TUBERKULOZ VE TORAK-TUBERCULOSIS AND THORAX. 2018 Jan 1;66(2):101-8.
-Erhardt L. Cigarette smoking: an undertreated risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jul 1;205(1):23-32.
- شواهد نشان می دهد که مداخلات سبک زندگی می توانند بر ریسک فاکتورهای بیماری های قلبی تاثیر بگذارد وآنها را کاهش دهند.
رفرنس: Lin A, Zhang G, Liu Z, Gu J, Chen W, Luo F. Community-based lifestyle intervention for reducing blood pressure and glucose among middle-aged and older adults in China: A Pilot Study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2014 Nov 13;11(11):11645-63.
- مداخلات شیوه زندگی مثل: کاهش وزن، اصلاح رژیم غذایی و افزایش فعالیت بدنی، مدیریت استرس وترک سیگار، می تواند به طور موثر کاهش فشار خون و گلوکز (۱) و بهبود بیماری های قلبی و عروقی (۲) را ایجاد کند.
رفرنس ۱: Appel, L.J.; Moore, T.J.; Obarzanek, E.; Vollmer, W.M.; Svetkey, L.P.; Sacks, F.M.; Bray, G.A.;Vogt, T.M.; Cutler, J.A.; Windhauser, M.M.; et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997, 336, 1117–۱۱۲۴٫
رفرنس ۲: Cook, N.R.; Cutler, J.A.; Obarzanek, E.; Buring, J.E.; Rexrode, K.M.; Kumanyika, S.K.; Appel, L.J.;Whelton, P.K. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes:Observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ 2007, 334, 885–۸۸۸٫
- بررسی ها نشان داه است که تحریک عاطفی حاد ، در ایجاد بیماری قلبی ناگهانی موثر است. که می تواند به صورت های مختلف، آریتمی های قلبی، انفارکتوس میوکارد و مرگ ناگهانی رخ دهد. پریشانی مزمن روانشناختی همچنین می تواند ناشی ازعواقب بیماری های قلب و عروق باشد .همچنین احتمال بروز آترواسکلروز و فشار خون بالا با استرس های مزمن ذهنی وجود دارد. در بیماران مبتلا به فشارخون، بیومارکرهای استرس وجود دارد که سیستم عصبی سمپاتیک واسطه معمول این حوادث مزمن روانی و بیماری های قلبی عروقی است.
رفرنس: Esler MD. Mental stress and human cardiovascular disease. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 2015 Nov 1;192:37.
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